ROP (Retinopathy of Prematurity): One of the most important eye problems of babies born prematurely is "prematurity retinopathy". The name "ROP", which is the abbreviation of the disease called Retinopathy of Prematurity in English, is frequently used in practice. Premature babies are born before the retina, or 'net layer' of the eye, is fully developed. In the months following the birth of the baby, the retina continues to complete its development. In some babies, abnormal vessels in the retina develop bleeding and growth into the eye, causing separation of the retina and eventually blindness. This clinical condition is called Retinopathy of Prematurity. Early diagnosis and treatment of the disease is very important.

What are the Risk Factors? Many factors play a role in the development of retinopathy of prematurity. The most important of these include premature birth, low birth weight and duration of oxygen therapy. Recurrent respiratory distress, not being born on time, severe microbial infections, rapid blood changes or number of blood transfusions, intra-cerebral bleeding, underdeveloped lungs, and a hole in the heart increase the risk of retinopathy. Babies whose birth weight is below 2000g and whose birth week is less than 35 weeks are at risk.

When is it seen? Retinopathy of prematurity most commonly occurs approximately 6-8 weeks after birth. It is seen in babies born at 28 weeks, starting from the 40th day. For this reason, babies in all the risk groups listed above should be examined by a specialist ophthalmologist experienced in this field after birth.

Stages and Treatment of the Disease: In this disease, the vessels of the retina layer are affected and there are 5 stages. Those in stages 1 and 2 may regress spontaneously. These babies should be followed until their retina completes maturation (i.e., usually by the due date). However, starting from the 3rd stage, treatments such as LASER, freezing treatment (Cryotherapy), and intraocular injection are required. If this is not done, the disease progresses and in the final stage, that is, stage 4-5, the retinal layer is irreversibly damaged. The chance of recovery with surgery decreases. Eventually blindness occurs. As a result, retinopathy of prematurity is a serious health problem that can lead to blindness if not diagnosed and treated in time.

Op. Dr. Simge ALTAN
Eye Health and Diseases Specialist

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