Panic disorder: Recurrent panic attacks that occur in unexpected situations and create a feeling of intense fear and discomfort; It is an anxiety disorder that causes significant loss of function and poor quality of life due to anxiety about having other panic attacks after a panic attack.<\/p>\n
Panic disorder moderately reduces functionality and quality of life. It leads to alcohol abuse, economic problems and high unemployment rates. It is well known that healthcare consumption increases 5-8 times compared to healthy individuals.<\/p>\n
Many patients with panic disorder have comorbidities; Agoraphobia (fear or anxiety of places where it may be difficult to escape) is most commonly observed.<\/p>\n
Following the first description of a panic attack in a poem written by the Greek poet Sappho in the 600s BC, similar pictures have appeared in many literary and medical publications at different times throughout history. The process started with Da Costa's concept of the irritable heart in 1871, the German psychiatrist Westphal's description of the fear of crowded environments seen in patients with panic attacks in 1872, Pavlov's classical conditioning model in 1892, and Freud's anxiety neurosis model in 1985. has shown significant progress.<\/p>\n
The lifetime prevalence of panic disorder is %1-4, and the six-month prevalence is approximately %0.5-1. The prevalence of panic attacks is between %3-5.6. Although women are affected 2-3 times more than men, underdiagnosis of panic disorder in men may be effective in this. The only social factor known to contribute to panic disorder is a recent history of divorce or separation. Although panic disorder most commonly occurs in young adulthood (the average age of onset is approximately 25), both panic disorder and agorophobia can occur at any age. It has been observed that the risk of panic disorder is 4-8 times higher in first-degree relatives of patients with panic disorder than in first-degree relatives of other psychiatric patients.<\/p>\n
Panik bozuklu\u011fu olan hastalar\u0131n %91\u2019inde, en az bir ba\u015fka psikiyatrik bozukluk da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Panik bozuklu\u011fu olan ki\u015filerin yakla\u015f\u0131k 1\/3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 d\u00f6neminden \u00f6nce maj\u00f6r depresif bozuklu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2\/3\u2019\u00fc ilk panik bozuklu\u011funu, maj\u00f6r depresyonun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda ya da sonras\u0131nda ya\u015farlar. Panik bozuklu\u011fu olan ki\u015filerin %15-30\u2019unda ayn\u0131 zamanda sosyal kayg\u0131 bozuklu\u011fu ya da sosyal fobi, %2-20\u2019sinde \u00f6zg\u00fcl fobi, %15-30\u2019unda yayg\u0131n kayg\u0131 bozuklu\u011fu, %2-10\u2019unda travma sonras\u0131 stres bozuklu\u011fu ve %30 kadar\u0131nda obsesif kompulsif bozukluk vard\u0131r. Di\u011fer s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen e\u015f tan\u0131lar, hipokondriyazis ya da hastal\u0131k kayg\u0131s\u0131 bozuklu\u011fu, ki\u015filik bozukluklar\u0131 ve madde ile ili\u015fkili bozukluklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Stressful life events (especially loss) occur months before the onset of panic disorder. It is observed that patients experience more stress in the face of life events.<\/p>\n
Eri\u015fkin kad\u0131n hastalarda bir di\u011fer etiyolojik etken, \u00e7ocuklukta ya\u015fanan fiziksel ve cinsel istismard\u0131r. Panik bozuklu\u011fu olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, yakla\u015f\u0131k %60\u2019\u0131 \u00e7ocuk d\u00f6nemi cinsel istismar \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcne sahiptirler. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, panik ataklar\u0131n olu\u015fumunda muhtemelen stresli olaylar\u0131n bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 anlamland\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n rol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve panik ataklar\u0131n patogenezinde psikolojik tepkilerle tetiklenen n\u00f6rofizyolojik etkenlerin ili\u015fkili olabilece\u011fine i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n
Symptoms of panic attack; palpitations, rapid heartbeat, sweating, tremors, dry mouth, difficulty breathing, feeling of suffocation, pain or pressure in the chest, nausea or abdominal discomfort, drowsiness, dizziness, fainting, unbalance, derealization (when the person is unaware of other people, the environment, or the world). feeling disconnected), depersonalization (feeling disconnected from oneself, one's thoughts, feelings, and even one's body), loss of control, fear of going crazy, fear of passing out, fear of death, hot or cold flashes, numbness, tingling.<\/p>\n
Panik atak ge\u00e7iren hastalar\u0131n sadece %11\u2019i bunun psikolojik olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekte. Fiziksel belirtilerin \u00f6n planda olmas\u0131, psikiyatri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki doktorlara ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131na neden olur. Panik ata\u011f\u0131 ani ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, dakikalardan saatlere kadar s\u00fcren, yo\u011fun korku veya tedirginlik d\u00f6nemidir. Panik ataklar, panik bozuklu\u011fu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle \u00f6zg\u00fcl fobi , sosyal fobi ve travma sonras\u0131 stres bozuklu\u011fu gibi di\u011fer ruhsal bozukluklarda da g\u00f6zlenebilmektedir. Beklenmedik panik ataklar\u0131 herhangi bir zamanda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve belirli herhangi bir durumsal uyaranla ili\u015fkili de\u011fildir. Sosyal ve \u00f6zg\u00fcl fobisi olan hastalar\u0131n ataklar\u0131 genellikle beklendik ataklard\u0131r ve bilinen veya \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir uyaranla ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
Although panic attacks sometimes occur after excitement, physical exertion, sexual activity, or a moderate emotional trauma, the first panic attack is often unexpected. It is necessary to uncover any habits or situations that lead to panic attacks. Using caffeine, alcohol, nicotine or other substances; unusual sleeping and eating behaviors and exposure to intense light at work. An attack usually begins with a 10-minute period of rapidly increasing symptoms. Mental symptoms: Intense fear or feelings that they will die or something bad will happen. They usually cannot specify the source of their fear, they may feel confusion and have trouble concentrating. Physical symptoms may include tachycardia, palpitations, breathing difficulties and sweating. The attack usually lasts 20-30 minutes and rarely longer than an hour. During a mental status examination during a panic attack, speech difficulties and memory impairment may be observed. Patients may experience depression or depersonalization during an attack. Symptoms may disappear quickly or gradually. Between attacks, patients may experience anticipatory anxiety about experiencing another attack.<\/p>\n
Panik ataklar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda hastan\u0131n dikkatinin temel oda\u011f\u0131, kalp ya da solunum sorunlar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6lece\u011fine ili\u015fkin bedensel endi\u015feler olabilir. Hastalar, \u00e7arp\u0131nt\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6lmek \u00fczere olduklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fareti oldu\u011funa inanabilirler. Bu hastalar\u0131n %20 kadar\u0131, panik ata\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda senkop d\u00f6nemleri ge\u00e7irirler. Bu hastalar, acil servislerinde bir kalp krizinden \u00f6lmek \u00fczere olduklar\u0131na \u0131srarc\u0131 olan gen\u00e7 (20\u2019li ya\u015flarda) ve bedensel a\u00e7\u0131dan sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filer olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kabilirler.<\/p>\n
Depressive symptoms are frequently seen in panic disorder, and in some patients, depressive disorder coexists with panic disorder. Some studies have found a higher lifetime risk of suicide in people with panic disorder than in those without mental disorders. In addition to agorophobia, other phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorder may coexist with panic disorder. There may be panic disorder, marital discord, work delays, difficulties due to job loss, and misuse of other substances.<\/p>\n
Panik bozuklu\u011fu ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7ocukluk, erken ergenlik ve orta ya\u015fta olabilece\u011fi gibi, s\u0131kl\u0131kla ge\u00e7 eri\u015fkinlik d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flar. Panik bozuklu\u011fu kronik bozukluk olsa da seyri hem hastadan hastaya hem de ayn\u0131 hastada de\u011fi\u015fkendir. Uzun s\u00fcreli izlemde hastalar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %30-40\u2019\u0131nda belirtilerin kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k %50\u2019sinde ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 belirgin \u015fekilde etkilemeyecek kadar belirtilerin hafifledi\u011fi ve yakla\u015f\u0131k %10-20\u2019sinde \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde belirtilerin devam etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ataklar\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015fiddeti de\u011fi\u015febilir. Panik ataklar\u0131 g\u00fcnde birka\u00e7 kez olabilece\u011fi gibi ayda birden daha az s\u0131kl\u0131kta da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kafein ya da nikotin kullan\u0131m\u0131 belirtileri \u015fiddetlendirebilir. Bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, hastalar\u0131n %40-80\u2019inde hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n herhangi bir yerinde belirti tablosuna depresyon eklenebilir. T\u00fcm hastalar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %20-40\u2019\u0131nda alkol ve di\u011fer madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve ayr\u0131ca obsesif kompulsif bozukluk geli\u015febilmektedir. Hastal\u0131k \u00f6ncesi i\u015flevselli\u011fi iyi olan ve belirtileri k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli olan hastalar daha iyi seyir g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Panic disorder symptoms decrease after the age of 45-50, and new-onset panic disorder is rare in older patients. Panic attacks in the elderly may occur with major depression.<\/p>\n
The two most effective treatments are; medication and cognitive behavioral therapy. Some studies monitoring patients receiving cognitive and behavioral therapy long-term have shown that the therapies are effective in long-term improvement. Family and group therapies may be helpful to affected patients and their families in adjusting to the patient's illness and the psychosocial difficulties that precipitate the illness.<\/p>\n
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Dr. G\u00f6zde Ata\u00f6v<\/strong> <\/p>\n Contact Us For Appointment:<\/strong><\/p>\n Telephone line: 0392 444 3548 (ELIT)<\/a><\/p>\n
\nPsychiatrist and Psychotherapist<\/em><\/p>\n