{"id":4740,"date":"2020-11-19T21:06:41","date_gmt":"2020-11-19T18:06:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/?p=4740"},"modified":"2020-11-19T21:51:57","modified_gmt":"2020-11-19T18:51:57","slug":"koah-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/en\/koah-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"What is COPD?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic condition that manifests as dyspnea, which is increasingly experienced due to inflammation in the airways. COPD is an umbrella concept that represents two separate diseases. These:<\/p>\n

– Chronic bronchitis:<\/em> It is a diagnosis made in the case of chronic phlegm cough lasting for at least two years and lasting more than three months a year.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Emphysema:<\/em> It can be defined as the formation of respiratory failure problem after the permanent expansion of the air sacs under the terminal bronchioles in the lung, the walls of the sac and the capillaries that provide oxygen transmission are damaged.<\/p>\n

While COPD used to be more common in men, now it is possible to talk about an equal incidence between the sexes (1). COPD is a very common and deadly disease if the necessary precautions are not taken. It ranks 4th among the causes of death worldwide (2).<\/p>\n

etiology<\/strong><\/p>\n

KOAH\u2019a sebep olan ba\u015fl\u0131ca neden sigara ve t\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. KOAH rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eken ki\u015filerin %90\u2019\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcreli sigara ve t\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131 mevcuttur. Fakat, \u00f6te yandan uzun y\u0131llar sigara i\u00e7en ki\u015filerin sadece %20\u2019sinde KOAH rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi (3), sadece sigara de\u011fil, muhtemelen genetik ve \u00e7evresel ba\u015fka fakt\u00f6rlerin de KOAH hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fiminde bir rol\u00fc oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. Yani, KOAH olan insanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sigara i\u00e7en ki\u015filer iken, her sigara i\u00e7en ki\u015finin KOAH olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Sigara ve t\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, end\u00fcstriyel hava kirlili\u011fi ve premat\u00fcr do\u011fum da \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n

In addition, it is known that both genetic and immune system related problems such as Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, IgA deficiency and Kartagener's disease are among the causes of COPD that are not related to smoking and tobacco. Studies have shown that Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is present in %5 of all COPD patients (4).<\/p>\n

Since COPD usually manifests itself in advanced ages, it is useful to investigate genetic and immune problems, especially in people under the age of 50.<\/p>\n

Clinical Findings<\/strong><\/p>\n

There are also people who have no symptoms at the time of diagnosis and are completely asymptomatic, and there are also people who present with severe symptoms and are on the verge of respiratory failure (5). It is possible to say that there is a wide range of clinical signs and complaints. In general, the complaints of the patients can be listed as follows according to the frequency of occurrence (6):<\/p>\n

- Long-lasting and never-ending cough with phlegm.<\/em> Sputum is usually observed more in the morning.<\/p>\n

\u2013 At first felt only with physical activity, but later seen normally shortness of breath<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Tachycardia and rapid breathing<\/p>\n

\u2013 weight loss<\/p>\n

\u2013 Cyanotic (blue color of the skin) image that may occur due to oxygen deficiency<\/p>\n

\u2013 Standing edema, which manifests itself with advanced heart failure, stretching the vessels in the neck and becoming more visible<\/p>\n

\u2013 The chest takes a barrel-like shape, especially in emphysema patients, as it is easier to breathe by getting help from the chest muscles, as there is difficulty in breathing.<\/p>\n

Tests and Examinations<\/strong><\/p>\n

Diagnosis is usually first made by GPs or primary care physicians in most countries; Afterwards, it is placed by chest specialist doctors and treatment is started if necessary. The tests and examinations required for diagnosis are as follows:<\/p>\n

- Physical examination<\/p>\n

Percussion: Hyperinflation of the lungs above normal, resulting in an even more resonant sound than normally achieved.<\/p>\n

Auscultation: When the lungs are rested with the help of a stethoscope, wheezing is heard during breathing, and the exhalation phase takes longer. In advanced cases, it is also possible to not hear breath sounds.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Pulmonary Function Tests<\/p>\n

Measurement of parameters such as FEV and FVC with spirometry and determination of capacitance.<\/p>\n

Bronchodilator Test: Re-spirometry and differentiation of asthma and COPD after the use of a drug called bronchodilator, which is used by asthma patients to relax and open their airways.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Blood Gas and Oximeter Analysis<\/p>\n

The oximeter is an instrument that measures the oxygen level from the finger and shows the oxygenation of the body.<\/p>\n

Kan gaz\u0131, \u015fayet oksimetre\u2019de oksijen seviyesi %92\u2019nin alt\u0131nda tespit edilirse uygulan\u0131r. Kan gaz\u0131nda oksijen ve karbondiyoksit parametreleri incelenir.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Display<\/p>\n

Chest X-ray: CXR, that is, chest X-ray, does not help much in the early stages of the disease, as it does not show many findings in the first place. In progressive COPD, there are findings such as a barrel-shaped appearance, hyperinflation of the lungs, and flattening of the diaphragm level.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Laboratory Tests<\/p>\n

Alpha 1-antitrypsin level: It should be applied to everyone under 50 and non-smokers.<\/p>\n

Hematocrit: In the case of an increase in erythropoietin level due to chronic oxygen deficiency and secondary polycythemia, an increase in hematocrit level is observed.<\/p>\n

Treatment<\/strong><\/p>\n

Treatment is usually tailored to the individual. For treatment, the level of the person's discomfort is determined and it is decided whether the use of medication is necessary.<\/p>\n

Quitting smoking in the first place is the most important start of treatment. In addition, breathing exercises, physical activity and vitamin D supplementation should be considered if there is a deficiency.<\/p>\n

Depending on the level and progression of the disease, drugs called bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and parasympatholytics may be considered (7). This adjustment is made by your physician, and the situation is evaluated periodically and the drug protocol is changed if necessary.<\/p>\n

Influenza and pneumonia vaccines are very important, especially in elderly patients, in order to prevent acute COPD attacks.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dr. Ahmet Ozyigit, MD
\n<\/strong>Elite Research and Surgical Hospital<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Contact Us For Appointment:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Telephone line: 0392 444 3548 (ELIT)<\/a><\/p>\n

Contact Form: https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/iletisim\/<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) GBD 2015 Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Respir Med. 2017 Sep;5(9):691-706.<\/p>\n

(2) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Underlying cause of death, 1999-2017. CDC WONDER [database online]. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2018.\u00a0https:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/ucd-icd10.html<\/a>. Accessed Nov 17, 2020.<\/p>\n

(3) Chang J, Mosenifar Z. Differentiating COPD from asthma in clinical practice. J Intensive Care Med. 2007;22:300\u2013309.<\/p>\n

(4) Brode S, Ling S, Chapman K. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a commonly overlooked cause of lung disease. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2012;184(12):1365-1371.<\/p>\n

(5) Singh D, Agusti A, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Bourbeau J, Celli BR, Criner GJ, Frith P, Halpin DMG, Han M, L\u00f3pez Varela MV, Martinez F, Montes de Jan M, Papi A, Pavord ID, Roche N, Sin DD, Stockley R, Vestbo J. structive Lung Disease: the GOLD science committee report 2019. Eur Respir J. 2019 May;53(5)<\/p>\n

(6) Devine JF. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an overview. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2008;1(7):34\u201342.<\/p>\n

(7) Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007; 176: 532\u2013555<\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kronik obstr\u00fcktif akci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (KOAH), nefes yollar\u0131ndaki enflamasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak giderek artan bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fanan nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kendini g\u00f6steren kronik bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r. KOAH, iki ayr\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil eden bir \u015femsiye kavramd\u0131r. Bunlar: – Kronik bron\u015fit: En az iki y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren ve y\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7 aydan fazla s\u00fcren kronik balgaml\u0131 \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck durumunda konulan bir tan\u0131d\u0131r. – Amfizem: Akci\u011ferdeki terminal bron\u015fiyollerin alt\u0131ndaki hava keseciklerinin kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak geni\u015flemesi sonras\u0131nda aradaki kese duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve oksijen iletimini sa\u011flayan k\u0131lcal damarlar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rerek solunum yetmezli\u011fi sorununun olu\u015fmas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. KOAH, eskiden erkeklerde daha yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131kken, \u015fimdilerde cinsiyetler aras\u0131nda e\u015fit bir g\u00f6r\u00fclme oran\u0131ndan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aile-hekimligi"],"yoast_head":"\nKOAH Nedir? - Elite Hospital<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/en\/koah-nedir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"KOAH Nedir? - Elite Hospital\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kronik obstr\u00fcktif akci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (KOAH), nefes yollar\u0131ndaki enflamasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak giderek artan bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fanan nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kendini g\u00f6steren kronik bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r. KOAH, iki ayr\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil eden bir \u015femsiye kavramd\u0131r. Bunlar: – Kronik bron\u015fit: En az iki y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren ve y\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7 aydan fazla s\u00fcren kronik balgaml\u0131 \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck durumunda konulan bir tan\u0131d\u0131r. – Amfizem: Akci\u011ferdeki terminal bron\u015fiyollerin alt\u0131ndaki hava keseciklerinin kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak geni\u015flemesi sonras\u0131nda aradaki kese duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve oksijen iletimini sa\u011flayan k\u0131lcal damarlar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rerek solunum yetmezli\u011fi sorununun olu\u015fmas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. KOAH, eskiden erkeklerde daha yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131kken, \u015fimdilerde cinsiyetler aras\u0131nda e\u015fit bir g\u00f6r\u00fclme oran\u0131ndan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/en\/koah-nedir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Elite Hospital\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/elitenicosia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-19T18:06:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-11-19T18:51:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/koah.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pratisyen Hekimlik\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@elitehastanesi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@elitehastanesi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pratisyen Hekimlik\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/koah-nedir\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/koah-nedir\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pratisyen Hekimlik\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5c6f01d8f0a2445fcba18ea1d4867d02\"},\"headline\":\"KOAH Nedir?\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-19T18:06:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-19T18:51:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/koah-nedir\/\"},\"wordCount\":1334,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/koah-nedir\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/koah.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Aile Hekimli\u011fi\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/koah-nedir\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/koah-nedir\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.elitenicosia.com\/koah-nedir\/\",\"name\":\"KOAH Nedir? 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KOAH, iki ayr\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil eden bir \u015femsiye kavramd\u0131r. Bunlar: – Kronik bron\u015fit: En az iki y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren ve y\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7 aydan fazla s\u00fcren kronik balgaml\u0131 \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck durumunda konulan bir tan\u0131d\u0131r. – Amfizem: Akci\u011ferdeki terminal bron\u015fiyollerin alt\u0131ndaki hava keseciklerinin kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak geni\u015flemesi sonras\u0131nda aradaki kese duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve oksijen iletimini sa\u011flayan k\u0131lcal damarlar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rerek solunum yetmezli\u011fi sorununun olu\u015fmas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. 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